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What is C++?

C++ is a multiparadigm programming language known for its performance, popularity, and difficulty. Bjarne Stroustrup developed the language in 1979 as an extension of the already famous programming language C. Therefore, C++ should be seen as a superset to C, not an entirely new creation. The letter thing is noticeable, especially when using packages - many data structures and functions are inherited from C.

C++ can be written purely object-oriented but also using the functional or imperative paradigm.

Until this day, tons of software is written in C++. This is especially the case when there is a need for performance, which is the reason C++ is used in operating systems, servers, and extensive algorithm implementations.

Hello world in C++​

#include <iostream>

int main() {
    std::cout << "Hello World!";
    return 0;
}

Create a new file on your machine, called main.cpp and paste the code above into it. Depending on your operating system, there might be compiler for C++ built into it.

When working on Windows, I highly recommend using Visual Studio to get started. On MacOS, install a compiler like clang in the terminal, or get started using XCode, which can compile
C/C++ too.

On the structure of C++​

As you can see, our code contains a main function and includes a package.

The package is built into C++, called "iostream" and holds functions for inputting and outputting data. Addressing data from a package can be done using the :: operators. Therefore, the function cout from the standard library is called std::cout. Alternatively, one can use a global namespace instead of explicitly addressing each function's origin. 

using namespace std; 

int main() {
    cout << "Hello World!";
    return 0;
}

Each C++ "project" needs a main function, and only one is allowed. This function is executed automatically, and there is something special about it: Compared to all other possible functions in C++, the main function is allowed to not return anything. Therefore, the return 0; in our Hello World example is quite optional.

Author's Notes​

Hard to write simple things with it, easy to blow of your feet while trying.

Sources​

The incredible video series by The Cherno on YouTube.

Additional Ressources​